Variants of the theorem include multiple and even infinitely many typists, and the target text varies between an entire library and a single sentence. One of the earliest instances of the use of the 'monkey metaphor' is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913, but the first instance may have been even earlier. In this context, 'almost surely' is a mathematical term meaning the event happens with probability 1, and the 'monkey' is not an actual monkey, but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols. The theorem can be generalized to state that any sequence of events which has a non-zero probability of happening will almost certainly eventually occur, given enough time. However, the probability that monkeys filling the entire observable universe would type a single complete work, such as Shakespeare's Hamlet, is so tiny that the chance of it occurring during a period of time hundreds of thousands of orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe is extremely low (but technically not zero). In fact, the monkey would almost surely type every possible finite text an infinite number of times. ** ** Alex Scarrow is a World Book Day 2013 author with TimeRiders: The Nearly Girl on the WBD Movellas app.The infinite monkey theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type any given text, such as the complete works of William Shakespeare. ** TimeRiders (Book 1) won the Red House Book Award older readers category, and was Penguin UK's first ever number one on the iBookstore. ** Perfect for fans of Doctor Who and Indiana Jones ** Book nine in the bestselling TimeRiders series by Alex Scarrow. What they discover is more shocking than anyone could have imagined and soon the TimeRiders are on one final mission - back to Biblical times to save the whole of humanity. In a final effort to prevent time travel destroying history, Liam and Maddy jump forward to 2070 to confront the enigmatic Waldstein and prove once and for all if he is friend or foe. The end is approaching for the TimeRiders.

Its purpose: to prevent time travel destroying history. Sal Vikram should have died in a fire in 2026.īut all three have been given a second chance - to work for an agency that no one knows exists. Maddy Carter should have died on a plane in 2010. Liam O'Connor should have died at sea in 1912. Click here to purchase from Rakuten Kobo Get ready for the incredible 9th book in Alex Scarrow's #1 bestselling time-travel adventure series.

The infinity cage